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Mc. Donnell Douglas AV 8. B Harrier IIThe Mc. Donnell Douglas now Boeing AV 8. B Harrier II is a single engine ground attack aircraft that constitutes the second generation of the Harrier Jump Jet family. Capable of vertical or short takeoff and landing VSTOL, the aircraft was designed in the late 1. Anglo American development of the British Hawker Siddeley Harrier, the first operational VSTOL aircraft. Named after a bird of prey,8 it is primarily employed on light attack or multi role missions, ranging from close air support of ground troops to armed reconnaissance. The AV 8. B is used by the United States Marine Corps USMC, the Spanish Navy, and the Italian Navy. A variant of the AV 8. Reference Regulation EU No 11782011 on aircrew, PartCC. Under EUOPS, practical training on the use of rafts was required during initial training. View and Download Dji Inspire 1 operation manual online. Inspire 1 Quadcopters pdf manual download. AIRCRAFT SPRUCE CATALOG PDF DOWNLOAD To view the files youll need the Adobe Acrobat reader. If you dont have the Adobe reader, you can download it. B, the British Aerospace Harrier II, was developed for the British military, while another, the TAV 8. B, is a dedicated two seat trainer. The project that eventually led to the AV 8. Bs creation started in the early 1. United States and United Kingdom UK, aimed at addressing the operational inadequacies of the first generation Harrier. Early efforts centered on a larger, more powerful Pegasus engine to dramatically improve the capabilities of the Harrier. Due to budgetary constraints, the UK abandoned the project in 1. Following the withdrawal of the UK, Mc. Donnell Douglas extensively redesigned the earlier AV 8. A Harrier to create the AV 8. B. While retaining the general layout of its predecessor, the aircraft incorporates a new wing, an elevated cockpit, a redesigned fuselage, one extra hardpoint per wing, and other structural and aerodynamic refinements. The aircraft is powered by an upgraded version of the Pegasus, which gives the aircraft its VSTOL ability. The AV 8. B made its maiden flight in November 1. USMC in January 1. Later upgrades added a night attack capability and radar, resulting in the AV 8. BNA and AV 8. B Harrier II Plus, respectively. An enlarged version named Harrier III was also studied, but not pursued. The UK, through British Aerospace, re joined the improved Harrier project as a partner in 1. After corporate mergers in the 1. Boeing and BAE Systems have jointly supported the program. Approximately 3. 40 aircraft were produced in a 2. Typically operated from small aircraft carriers, large amphibious assault ships and simple forward operating bases, AV 8. Bs have participated in numerous military and humanitarian operations, proving themselves versatile assets. U. S. Army General Norman Schwarzkopf named the USMC Harrier II as one of several important weapons in the Gulf War. The aircraft took part in combat during the Iraq War beginning in 2. The Harrier II has served in Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan since 2. Operation Odyssey Dawn in Libya in 2. U2YOkyu1i8tAz3cP501lYazgxDfMYlIP_QNh5II4UYwlPHgH5IylCjNLYeWiRjhNOA=h900' alt='Download Aircraft Maintenance Checklist Pdf Software' title='Download Aircraft Maintenance Checklist Pdf Software' />Italian and Spanish Harrier IIs have taken part in overseas conflicts in conjunction with NATO coalitions. During its service history, the AV 8. B has had a high accident rate, related to the percentage of time spent in critical take off and landing phases. USMC and Italian Navy AV 8. Bs are to be replaced by the Lockheed Martin F 3. B Lightning II, with the former expected to operate its Harriers until 2. DevelopmenteditOriginseditIn the late 1. Harriers entered service with the Royal Air Force RAF and United States Marine Corps USMC, but were handicapped in range and payload. In short takeoff and landing configuration, the AV 8. A American designation for the Harrier carried less than half the 4,0. A 4 Skyhawk, over a more limited radius. To address this issue, Hawker Siddeley and Mc. Donnell Douglas began joint development of a more capable version of the Harrier in 1. Early efforts concentrated on an improved Pegasus engine, designated the Pegasus 1. Bristol Siddeley. Although more powerful, the engines diameter was too large by 2. Harrier easily. 1. In December 1. 97. The McDonnell Douglas now Boeing AV8B Harrier II is a singleengine groundattack aircraft that constitutes the second generation of the Harrier Jump Jet family. American and British team completed a project document defining an Advanced Harrier powered by the Pegasus 1. The Advanced Harrier was intended to replace the original RAF and USMC Harriers, as well as the USMCs A 4. The aim of the Advanced Harrier was to double the AV 8s payload and range, and was therefore unofficially named AV 1. The British government pulled out of the project in March 1. RAFs insufficient 6. With development costs estimated to be around 1. British pounds,1. United States was unwilling to fund development by itself, and ended the project later that year. Despite the projects termination, the two companies continued to take different paths toward an enhanced Harrier. Hawker Siddeley focused on a new larger wing that could be retrofitted to existing operational aircraft, while Mc. Donnell Douglas independently pursued a less ambitious, though still expensive, project catering to the needs of the US military. Using knowledge gleaned from the AV 1. Pegasus engineMc. Donnell Douglas kept the basic structure and engine for an aircraft tailored for the USMC. Designing and testingeditAs the USMC wanted a substantially improved Harrier without the development of a new engine, the plan for Harrier II development was authorized by the United States Department of Defense Do. D in 1. 97. 6. 1. The United States Navy USN, which had traditionally procured military aircraft for the USMC, insisted that the new design be verified with flight testing. Mc. Donnell Douglas modified two AV 8. As with new wings, revised intakes, redesigned exhaust nozzles, and other aerodynamic changes the modified forward fuselage and cockpit found on all subsequent aircraft were not incorporated on these prototypes. Designated YAV 8. B, the first converted aircraft flew on 9 November 1. Charles Plummer. The aircraft performed three vertical take offs and hovered for seven minutes at LambertSt. Louis International Airport. The second aircraft followed on 1. February 1. 97. 9, but crashed that November due to engine flameout the pilot ejected safely. Flight testing of these modified AV 8s continued into 1. The results showed greater than expected drag, hampering the aircrafts maximum speed. Further refinements to the aerodynamic profile yielded little improvement. Positive test results in other areas, including payload, range, and VSTOL performance, led to the award of a development contract in 1. The contract stipulated a procurement of 1. A YAV 8. B undergoes conversion from an AV 8. A, and as such does not feature the raised cockpit found on AV 8. Bs. Between 1. 97. Do. D and USN repeatedly attempted to terminate the AV 8. B program. There had previously been conflict between the USMC and USN over budgetary issues. At the time, the USN wanted to procure A 1. USMC to adopt the similarly designed F 1. AV 8. B to fulfill the role of close air support both designs were eventually amalgamated to create the multirole FA 1. Ghost Rider The Complete Collection more. Hornet. 2. 5 Despite these bureaucratic obstacles, in 1. Do. D included the Harrier II in its annual budget and five year defense plan. The USN declined to participate in the procurement, citing the limited range and payload compared with conventional aircraft. In August 1. 98. 1 the program received a boost when British Aerospace BAe and Mc. Donnell Douglas signed a Memorandum of Understanding Mo. U, marking the UKs re entry into the program. The British government was enticed by the lower cost of acquiring Harriers promised by a large production run, and the fact that the US was shouldering the expense of development.